Log files play a critical role in Linux systems. They help administrators monitor system activity, troubleshoot issues, track application behavior, and maintain security. As systems run continuously, log files can grow very large over time. If left unmanaged, this can consume disk space and affect system performance. Logrotate is a log file management utility designed to solve this problem. It automatically rotates, archives, compresses, and removes old log files, ensuring that logs remain manageable while preserving important historical data. Log rotation can be based on file size, age, or time …
Runlevel is a preset operating state on a Unix-like operating system. A run-level is a software configuration of the system that allows only a selected group of processes to exist. A system can be booted into (i.e., started up into) any of several run-levels, each of which is represented by a single-digit integer. Each run-level designates a different system configuration and allows access to a different combination of processes (i.e., instances of executing programs).
Denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) or Distributed Denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack) is an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. This attack generally target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks, credit card payment gateways, and even root nameservers. DoS attacks are implemented by either forcing the targeted computer to reset, or consuming its resources so that it can no longer provide its services or obstructs the communication media between the users and the victim so that they can no longer …
If you manage a website, you’ll likely encounter server migration at some point. This could be due to upgrading to a more powerful server, switching service providers, or updating your software environment for better performance and security. Despite its benefits, server migration often raises concerns – such as data loss, downtime, or website instability. The good news is that with proper planning and execution, you can migrate your web server with zero downtime and no data loss. Let’s walk through the process step by step. 1. Prepare Your DNS When …
A completely frozen Linux system can be frustrating. The mouse cursor does not move. Keyboard shortcuts like Ctrl + Alt + F1 or Ctrl + Alt + Backspace do not respond. Even the Num Lock key may stop toggling. In such situations, most users force a hard reset. However, a hard reboot can lead to data corruption or filesystem damage. There is a safer way to reboot a locked Linux system using the Magic SysRq key. This method allows you to properly terminate processes, sync disks, and safely reboot the …
Choosing the right hosting control panel is an important decision for hosting providers, businesses, and system administrators. Among the many options available, cPanel and Plesk continue to dominate the web hosting industry. Both are mature, reliable platforms, but they are built with different use cases and operating environments in mind. Understanding Hosting Control Panels A hosting control panel is a web based interface that simplifies server and website management. It allows administrators and end users to manage domains, email accounts, databases, DNS records, backups, and security settings without working directly …
mod_fcgid is a high-performance Apache module designed to improve the execution of CGI applications. It was introduced as a binary-compatible replacement for FastCGI while providing better control over process management and resource usage. Unlike traditional CGI modules such as mod_cgi or mod_cgid, mod_fcgid keeps application processes running in the background, allowing them to handle multiple requests efficiently without restarting for every connection. Why Use mod_fcgid? mod_fcgid offers several advantages: Installing mod_fcgid Step 1: Install Apache Components On Red Hat or CentOS systems, install Apache with the threaded MPM Worker module …
mod_evasive is a detection and network management tool, and can be easily configured to talk to IP chains, firewalls, routers, etc . Detection is performed by creating an internal dynamic hash table of IP Addresses and URLs, and denying any single IP address that matches the criteria. #cd /usr/src #wget http://www.zdziarski.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/mod_evasive_1.10.1.tar.gz #tar xzf mod_evasive_1.10.1.tar.gz #cd mod_evasive #apxs -cia mod_evasive20.c LoadModule evasive20_module /usr/lib/httpd/modules/mod_evasive20.so
SPDY is a new networking protocol used for speeding up the web. It combines with http protocol with several speed related features that can reduce page load time. It uses stream multiplexing and header compression to improve speed. In order to use SPDY, a web server and a browser that both support SPDY is needed. Google chrome and newer versions of Firefox support SPDY protocol. In Apache HTTPD server mod_spdy module add support to SPDY protocol. SPDY protocol uses HTTPS so site need to serve content over HTTPS in order …
As internet users we are all aware of the infections that are caused to our systems. We call each infections a set of medical terms like viruses,worms etc. so at some point of time we may even say my computer has caught a flue while browsing , just kidding . All apart we always trust on antivirus and some software to treat these viruses as doctors. My agenda here is to let a light pass though everyones mind so that they could understand what are these viruses and infections that …